What are some mass media effects and their impacts on society?

Mass media effects are used to explain the actions of people when exposed to media. The first effect we are introduced to is the third-person effect, which plainly states that people overestimate the impact of media messages on people other than themselves, basically the old claim that "it's the other guy who can't handle it, not me". The next media effects are part of the minimalist effects theory, the first being the two-step flow model which states that people are motivated less by the opinions of the mass media than they are motivated by people they know personally and respect. In this effect it explains why a young teen can watch television all day and agree with Democratic views, but then talk to their father, who is a Republican, and easily be swayed back. The second of the minimalist effects is the status conferral, where the media does not tell the person what to think, but what to think about. This is used mainly in political campaigns where the media chooses which topics are to be discussed. The last of the minimalist effects is the narcotizing dysfunction, which states that, rather than the media promoting someone into action, the person is normally overwhelmed by the media until they withdrawal from the situation completely. Lastly, there is the media effect of role modeling, where a character people look up to and consider a good guy is used to influence them. Examples of this are when Batman and Robin enter the Batmobile they are always shown fastening their seat belts or when the concern of AIDs mounted in the 1980s studios went out of their way to show people putting on condoms before sexual scenes. This last effect proves the famous saying "monkey see, monkey do."