What are some mass media effects and their impact on society?

Today, we know that the mass media has many different effects on people, and we have multiple theories for the effects of mass media, but until the 1940s the bullet theory was the only theory. Early mass communication scholars believed that the mass media had a direct and profound effect on people. they called their theory the powerful effects theory and assumed that the media could inject information into public consciousness. their theory was way too simple, and they had wrongly assumed that people are passive and absorb everything that the media tells them. In the 1940s people began to doubt that the media was really that powerful, and more theories began to emerge, including the minimalist effects theory and the cumulative effects theory.
The minimalist effects theory consists of the two step flow model, status conferral, and narciticizing dysfunction. The two step flow model shows that people are motivated less by the mass media than people they know and personally respect. Status conferral is a phenomenon that explains the media does not tell people what to think, but what to think about. Narcoticizing dysfunction explains that sometimes people are so overwhelmed by the media that they withdraw from involvement.
The most recent theory is the cumulative effects theory. This theory was developed by Elizabeth Noelle Neuman who says the media does not have powerful, immediate effects on people but that effects over time are profound. She says the media's messages are inescapable, and driven home with redundancy. Neuman's cumulative effects theory is the theory that I believe to be the most true. We can not escape the messages that the media is sending us, and weather we believe it or not, after hearing those messages over and over it is impossible for them not to affect us. Neuman's theory is troubling because she uses psychology studies to prove that the media works against diverse consideration of issues, and people who feel they hold majority views speak out confidently while people who feel they are in the minority are less inclined to speak out. If this theory is true, it is very troubling. This effect of the mass media has a very bad impact on society.